We applaud Angelina Jolie and thousands of other women just like her as they make courageous choices that can change their future. This is in appreciation of her actions and dedication to raising awareness about these choices.
Angelina Jolie wrote an op-ed piece published on May 14, 2013 in The New York Times called "My Medical Choice," in which she describes her recent surgery, experiences, thoughts and feelings. Jolie's decision to have a double mastectomy was based a genetic test for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. This test was conducted because of her family history of cancer. Marcheline Bertrand, Angelina Jolie's mother, died in 2007 after a six-year battle with ovarian cancer.
Everyone has the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes; but harmful mutations of these genes can increase a person's likelihood to develop cancer, especially breast and ovarian for women; breast, testicular and prostate for men; and pancreatic, stomach, gallbladder, bile duct, and melanoma for both men and women. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has a webpage, BRCA1 & BRCA2: Cancer Risk & Genetic Testing, dedicated to understanding more about these genes. It is a wealth of information about what these genes are, how the test is conducted, and how they affect a person's risk of developing cancer.
The family history factors that Angelina Jolie used to help make the decision to have the genetic testing conducted are listed under question 6 on the NCI website. They are:
- For women who are not of Ashkenazi Jewish descent:
- - two
first-degree relatives (mother, daughter, or sister) diagnosed with
breast cancer, one of whom was diagnosed at age 50 or younger;
- - three
or more first-degree or second-degree (grandmother or aunt) relatives
diagnosed with breast cancer regardless of their age at diagnosis;
- - a
combination of first- and second-degree relatives diagnosed with breast
cancer and ovarian cancer (one cancer type per person);
- - a first-degree relative with cancer diagnosed in both breasts (bilateral breast cancer);
- - a combination of two or more first- or second-degree relatives diagnosed with ovarian cancer regardless of age at diagnosis;
- - a first- or second-degree relative diagnosed with both breast and ovarian cancer regardless of age at diagnosis; and
- - breast cancer diagnosed in a male relative.
- For women of Ashkenazi Jewish descent:
- - any first-degree relative diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer; and
- - two second-degree relatives on the same side of the family diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer.
Read more about gene testing in "7 Questions on Cancer Gene Testing," an article on CNN Health's website written by Dr. Susan Domchek, a board-certified medical oncologist at the University of Pennsylvania's Abramson Cancer Center.
Visit the Breast Reconstruction webpage from the makers of the silicone gel breast implants that our physicians use when performing the same breast reconstruction surgery that was part of Angelina Jolie's regimen.