As someone who gets migraine headaches, I can sympothize when I see patients who tell me, "I feel like an ice pick is stuck in my eye." Therefore, the research on the use of Botox injections and surgical procedures to reduce and possibly eliminate migraine headaches has been near and dear to my heart (or at least my brain).
Migraines can be completely debilitating, lasting from hours to days. They are generally treated with medication, even narcotic pain medications. Traditionally they are thought to be related to blood vessels in the brain. However, recent evidence suggests that mechanisms outside the brain may play a significant role.
These mechanisms outside the brain are called trigger points. Many of us who have migraines understand this. They are the tender areas that seem to be the point at which the migraine starts. There are four main trigger points that have been identified. The first is the area between the eyebrows called the corrugator muscles. These are the little muscles that create the vertical wrinkles between the eyebrows. The next is the temporal area just above the sideburn. The third area is the back of the head at the base of the skull. The upper, inner nose is the last area, where the headache feels like it starts behind the eye. People with migraines can be seen putting pressure on any of these areas when they have a headache.
The first three areas have nerves that when squeezed or pressured from surrounding muscles may trigger the headache. Treatment has been targeted at these muscles by treating them with Botox to relax them. I have been doing this for 10 years. I have many patients (and myself) who regularly have Botox treatments to these areas and see a dramatic reduction in the intensity and duration of the migraine headaches.
Once the Botox is successful, we have succeeded in identifying a trigger point. Surgery can then be used to remove the part of the muscle which is causing pain. This will permanently remove the trigger point for the migraine. These treatments can result in amazing reduction in headache frequency and intensity. These surgeries are often a normal part of plastic surgery procedures that result in an improved cosmetic appearance with the added benefit of reduced migraines.
The first step to take toward fewer migraines is to keep a diary of headaches and complete a questionnaire about your headaches. This is needed to help create a plan toward a migraine free world.
